OCEAN TECHNOLOGY, COASTAL HYDRAULICS & COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT

Pakistan coast is influenced by intensive SW Monsoon waves and currents including erosion and siltation. The deposition of silt by river Indus also interacts with the shore processes. The inundation of the coast therefore, requires a systematic hydraulic and hydro-dynamic investigation all along the coast. Data on waves, tides, currents and littoral transport are collected for application in coastal protection, planning of ports etc. Numerical models of harbours, bays, estuaries for investigating the effects of tidal heights and currents are also prepared. Occupance and path of cyclones and effect of storm surges on the coast are studied for evaluating shore erosion, through Numerical Models.

There is a need for a systematic hydrodynamic and hydraulic investigation all along the coast, which has considerable impact on design study of various marine structures, establishment of coastal industry, intake water system for nuclear plants, and heavy industry and draining into the sea, etc. The coastal morphological conditions, beach profiles, coastal long-shore and transport are directly related to beach stabilization; scaling of dredged harbors and sand accumulation in the vicinity of jetties or other coastal and off-shore structures; development of numerical models to determine suitable solutions for siltation, erosion and protection problems. Deep Sea fishing and Deep Sea mining require special techniques e.g. for off shore structures, pipe-lines, submarine cables etc, to operate the specialized gear. The data required for such operations is also specific and differs from other types of general observations. The Environmental studies depend upon close examinations of the various parameters.

A base has already been started in the NIO with a modest system. It is proving of immense utility in various aspects of the work. The enhanced computer capability will enable the research in NIO to cover such fields as Satellite Imagery interpretation and remote sensing. Remote sensing and latest improvements in the technique have enabled the hydrographic conditions (i.e. sea water temperature, salinity etc. distribution and movement) to be observed over large area through satellite signals.

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